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Biology
School of Humanities & Sciences
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  1. Home
  2. Programs
  3. Undergraduate
  4. Biology
  5. Major: Bachelor of Science

Major: Bachelor of Science

Major
  • Biology opens in a new tab
Program Minimum Units
89 Units
University Minimum Units
180 Units
Interests
Data and Information Sciences, Ecology & Environment, Experimentation & Discovery, Public Health, Sustainability
Academic Areas
Health Sciences, Natural Sciences, Medicine

Overview

The undergraduate major in Biology can serve as a stepping-stone for a wide variety of career opportunities. For students planning to attend medical, dental, veterinary school, or graduate school in biological and applied sciences, the biology major provides a strong foundation in the basic life sciences. This foundation of knowledge, plus laboratory experience, also prepares students well for research and technical positions in universities, government, and industry.

While a major in Biology provides an excellent background for these technical careers, it can also serve as a valuable and satisfying focus of a liberal arts education for those not planning careers in science-related fields. Understanding basic biological principles is increasingly essential in today’s world. A knowledgeable and concerned citizenry is the best guarantee that these issues will be resolved most effectively. Finally, understanding life’s processes can heighten our perception and appreciation of the world in terms of its beauty, variety, and uniqueness.

Advising

Students have the following 3 types of advisors that can serve as fantastic advising resources for current students:

  1. BioBridge Peer Advisors opens in a new tab

  2. Biology Undergraduate Student Services Staff opens in a new tab

  3. Faculty Advisors opens in a new tab

The student services staff and BioBridge opens in a new tab, the department’s peer advising group, are prepared to answer questions on administrative matters, such as requirements for the major, approved out-of-department electives, transfer course evaluations, and petition procedures. This office also distributes the department’s Bachelor of Science Handbook opens in a new tab, which delineates policies and requirements, and other department forms and informational handouts. Members of the Biology faculty opens in a new tab are available for advising on such academic matters as choice of courses, research, suggested readings, and career plans.

Students pursuing medical, pre-health, and veterinary graduate programs are encouraged to meet with UADs for Pre-Professional Advising opens in a new tab.

Requirements

Refer to each subplan for a detailed list of each core subplan’s requirements.

Note: The "General Biology Subplan" requirements as outlined on the department website are listed in the "Core Program Requirements" of this Bulletin.

Core Program Requirements

BioFoundations Requirement

Complete at least 4 of the following courses:
BIO 81

Introduction to Ecology

4 Units
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 84

Physiology

4 Units
BIO 85

Evolution

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Requirement

Complete all of the following course(s):
BIO 43

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Neuronal Cell Biology

4 Units
or
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 47

Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

4 Units
or
BIO 44

Plant Molecular Biology Lab

4 Units

BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 21

Calculus

4 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Physics Requirements

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 33

Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules

5 Units
CHEM 121

Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry

5 Units

CHEM 31E can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B.

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Statistics Requirement

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
OCEANS 174H

Marine Data Science in Practice

4 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

General Biology Electives

Must complete a total of 23 units of electives.

Students may choose courses from the General Biology Subplan Electives and from the Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses.

Complete all of the following requirements:
Biology Department Elective Courses

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 23 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

and
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Electives

Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Please refer to each subplan for a full overview of the electives requirements for that subplan.

The following is a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. These courses may be used to complete some of the elective requirements for each subplan, according to the guidance of the subplan.

Note: OSPAUSTL 10, OSPAUSTL 28, and OSPAUSTL 32 can only count for 2 units each (6 units total) for electives. CHEM 121 may count toward electives or additional electives for subplans that do not require CHEM 121 in the STEM section of the subplan.

Complete any of the following course(s):
BIOC 241

Biological Macromolecules

3-5 Units
BMDS 202

An overview of Biomedical Data Science

3 Units
BIOE 101

Systems Biology

3 Units
BIOE 103

Systems Physiology and Design

4 Units
BIOE 214

Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology

1-4 Units
BIOE 217

Translational Bioinformatics

3-4 Units
BIOE 220

Introduction to Imaging and Image-based Human Anatomy

3-4 Units
BIOE 231

Protein Engineering

3 Units
BIOE 279

Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells

3 Units
BIOE 450

Advances in Biotechnology

3 Units
BMDS 173A

Foundations of Computational Human Genomics

3-4 Units
BMDS 210

Modeling Biomedical Systems

3 Units
CBIO 101

Cancer Biology

3 Units
CBIO 240

Molecular and Genetic Basis of Cancer

4 Units
CEE 161I

Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: The Atmospheric Circulation

3 Units
CEE 177

Aquatic Chemistry and Biology

3-4 Units
CEE 274D

Pathogens and Disinfection

3 Units
CHEM 141

The Chemical Principles of Life I

4 Units
CHEM 143

The Chemical Principles of Life II

4 Units
CHEM 171

Linking the Molecular to the Macroscopic: Foundations of Physical Chemistry

4 Units
CHEM 183

Biochemistry II

3 Units
CHEM 184

Biological Chemistry Laboratory

3 Units
CHEM 185

Biophysical Chemistry

3 Units
CHEM 283

Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface

3 Units
CHEMENG 110A

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

4 Units
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units
CS 107

Computer Organization and Systems

3-5 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
DBIO 210

Developmental Biology

4 Units
EARTHSYS 114

Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease

3 Units
EARTHSYS 123A

Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions

3-4 Units
EARTHSYS 141

Remote Sensing of the Oceans

3-4 Units
EARTHSYS 142

Remote Sensing of Land

3 Units
EARTHSYS 144

Fundamentals of Geographic Information Science (GIS)

3-4 Units
EARTHSYS 146B

Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: the Ocean Circulation

3 Units
EARTHSYS 151

Biological Oceanography

3 Units
EARTHSYS 152

Marine Chemistry

3 Units
EARTHSYS 155

Science of Soils

4-5 Units
EARTHSYS 158

Geomicrobiology

3 Units
EARTHSYS 240

Data Science for Geoscience

3 Units
EPS 139

500 Million Years of Land Plant Evolution

3 Units
GENE 202

Molecular, Cellular, and Genetic Medicine

6 Units
GENE 211

Genomics

3 Units
GENE 235

C. Elegans Genetics

2 Units
HUMBIO 113

The Human-Plant Connection

3 Units
HUMBIO 130

Human Nutrition

4 Units
HUMBIO 131

The Science of Human Movement Lab

4 Units
HUMBIO 135

Exercise Physiology

4 Units
HUMBIO 154C

Cancer Epidemiology

4 Units
IMMUNOL 201

Advanced Immunology I

3 Units
IMMUNOL 202

Advanced Immunology II

3 Units
IMMUNOL 205

Immunology in Health and Disease

4 Units
IMMUNOL 206

Introduction to Applied Computational Tools in Immunology

2 Units
IMMUNOL 209

Translational Immunology

1 Units
MCP 156

How Cells Work: Energetics, Compartments, and Coupling in Cell Biology

4 Units
OCEANS 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
OSPAUSTL 10

Coral Reef Ecosystems

3 Units
and
OSPAUSTL 28

Terrestrial Ecology and Conservation

3 Units
and
OSPAUSTL 32

Coastal Ecosystems

3 Units
OSPSANTG 85

Marine Ecology of Chile and the South Pacific

5 Units
PSYC 124

Brain Plasticity

3 Units
PSYCH 202

Cognitive Neuroscience

3 Units
PSYCH 221

Image Systems Engineering

1-3 Units
STATS 191

Introduction to Applied Statistics

3 Units
STATS 200

Introduction to Theoretical Statistics

3-4 Units
STATS 202

Statistical Learning and Data Science

3 Units
SURG 101

Regional Study of Human Structure

5 Units
SUSTAIN 103

Human and Planetary Health

3 Units
BMDS 221

Machine Learning Approaches for Data Fusion in Biomedicine

2-3 Units
BMDS 273

Deep Learning in Genomics and Biomedicine

3 Units
EARTHSYS 205A

Fundamentals of Geobiology

3 Units
EPI 231

Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

3 Units
NBIO 227

Understanding Techniques in Neuroscience

2 Units
OSPSANTG 58

Global Change in Chile

5 Units
PSYC 152

The Neuroscience of Stress and Reward: Emotions, Behavior, and Neurocircuit Mechanisms

4 Units
PSYC 183

Addictions in our World: From Physiology to Human Behavior

3 Units
PSYCH 169

Advanced Seminar on Memory

3 Units
CHEM 121

Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry

5 Units

Students may take the crosslisted version of any of the courses listed above.

Writing in the Major (WIM)

Writing in the Major (WIM)

Complete any of the following course(s):
BIO 47

Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 199A

The Independent Capstone in Biology I

3 Units
BIO 199W

Senior Honors Thesis: How to Effectively Write About Scientific Research

3 Units

Capstone

Capstone Options

All students must choose one of the following 3 options to meet the Capstone requirement. More information about this requirement can be found on the department website opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Capstone Option #1- Honors

Course Requirements:

  1. 10 units of BIO 199 or BIO 199X (must submit BIO 199X petition opens in a new tab) from your Honors lab completed during your junior and senior years only. 7 of the 10 units of BIO 199 or BIO 199X can double count toward additional electives requirement.

    1. If this poses a challenge, we will consider exceptions on a case-by-case basis for students who have completed comparable experience through federal work study, paid research experience, etc.

  2. 3 units of BIO 199W. Fulfills WIM. BIO 199W can double count toward additional electives requirement.

To graduate with departmental honors, a student must conduct an independent research project during their junior and senior years. Research must be done in a Biology Department lab or a lab in another department for which the student has obtained prior approval.

Administrative steps include:

  1. Submit an approved honors proposal during the winter quarter of junior year.

  2. Complete at least ten units of an approved research project from the same lab. Students conducting research in a lab outside of the Department of Biology must submit an Out of Department Research Petition opens in a new tab either before they start their research or, if the research was started before declaring the Biology major, as soon as their major declaration is approved. Only research units from BIO are counted toward the ten-unit requirement.

  3. Obtain at least a 3.0 (B) grade point average (GPA) in all Biology major requirements taken at Stanford (foundational, breadth, and elective courses).

  4. Participate in the annual Achauer Undergraduate Biology Honors Symposium by presenting a poster or giving an oral presentation. The symposium is typically held in mid-May.

  5. Complete and, by the published deadline during the spring quarter of senior year, submit online an honors thesis approved by at least two readers. At least one reader must be from the faculty of the Department of Biology, and both readers must be Academic Council members. The title page of the honors thesis must include the student name, thesis title, name and department of research sponsor, and name and department of the second reader. Students must submit this page with original ink signatures to the student services office by the published deadline for the quarter in which graduation is expected.

 Honors Program and Undergraduate Research in Biology opens in a new tab for further information on the honors program.

or
Capstone Option #2- Independent Capstone
Complete all of the following course(s):
BIO 199A

The Independent Capstone in Biology I

3 Units
BIO 199B

The Independent Capstone in Biology II

3 Units

Students who wish to complete an independent capstone project must enroll in the Independent Capstone in Biology course series. Such projects might involve creative works, research or business internships, travel-based study, teaching, or community service. Examples include the production of a teaching or business plan, a film or podcast, or a public education campaign.

Students will enroll in Bio 199A and Bio 199B to complete the capstone requirement. Students will have two opportunities to enroll in the Independent Capstone requirement (one starting in spring of junior year and the later cohort starting in winter of senior year).

  • BIO 199A–3 units

    • Cohort A: enroll during spring quarter of the junior year

    • Cohort B: enroll during winter quarter of senior year

  • BIO 199B–3 units

    • Cohort A: enroll during autumn quarter of senior year

    • Cohort B: enroll during spring quarter of senior year

Students can view the full requirement information on the Independent Capstone and Virtual Showcase opens in a new tab for past student projects.

or
Capstone Option #3- Notation in Science Communication

The Notation in Science Communication opens in a new tab (NSC) provides undergraduates with a new opportunity to develop their ability to communicate technical information to a variety of audiences using multiple genres and modes. Through a combination of coursework, advising and reflection, selected students can earn a special designation on their official transcripts that indicates their advanced work in science communication. Students can submit an application opens in a new tabthrough the Program in Writing and Rhetoric.

Note that students must fulfill all the requirements for the Notation in Science Communication opens in a new tab in order to fulfill the capstone requirement.

Complete all of the following requirements:
Required Courses
Complete all of the following course(s):
PWR 91NSC

Intermediate Writing: Introduction to Science Communication

4 Units
PWR 99ANSC

NSC Portfolio Preparation I

1 Units
PWR 99BNSC

NSC Portfolio Preparation II

2 Units
and
PWR Elective Courses

Students must complete one of the PWR 91 courses listed or a PWR194 course that is tagged for the specific notation (aside from PWR 91NSC, which is already required).

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
PWR 91NK

Sexual Health Communication: Strategies to Save Lives

3 Units
PWR 91KSA

Intermediate Writing: Storytelling and Science

3 Units
PWR 91MF

Intermediate Writing: Art in/and Science Communication

3 Units

See NSC Overview  opens in a new tabfor specific approved courses.

and
Non-PWR Elective Course

An additional (3-5 unit) non-PWR elective course is required to complete the Notation in Science Communication.

This website opens in a new tab lists sample courses that could qualify as non-PWR elective courses. Students must email notationsc@stanford.edu with their choice of elective course, whether that course is on this list or not, in order for that course to count toward their progress in the Notation. If you have questions about the non-PWR Elective course requirement, email notationsc@stanford.edu.

WIM courses may not double- count towards both the department and NSC requirements.

or
Capstone Option #4-Interdisciplinary Honors
Complete any of the following program(s):
ARTS-IHN

Honors in the Arts (IHN)

STS-IHN

Science, Technology, and Society (IHN)

ED-IHN

Education (IHN)

Subplans

Optional
Students have the option to complete a subplan as part of this program. A subplan is an officially declared and defined set of requirements that allows students to go deeper into a discipline or focus within a program.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Subplan

BioFoundations Requirement

Complete at least 3 of the following courses:
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 84

Physiology

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Requirement

Complete any of the following course(s):
BIO 44

Plant Molecular Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units
or
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units
MATH 53

Differential Equations with Linear Algebra, Fourier Methods, and Modern Applications

5 Units
or
CME 102

Ordinary Differential Equations for Engineers

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Physics Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units

PHYSICS 45 (4 units) along with AP Physics C credit can substitute for PHYSICS 41 and PHYSICS 43

and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 33

Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules

5 Units
CHEM 121

Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry

5 Units
CHEM 141

The Chemical Principles of Life I

4 Units
CHEM 143

The Chemical Principles of Life II

4 Units

CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Computer Science Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Statistics Requirement
Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

Biochemistry / Biophysics Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 20 units of electives (10 units of Biochem/Biophysics Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives)

Complete all of the following requirements:
Biochemistry/Biophysics Menu I

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

Earn at least 10 units in the following course(s):
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 152

Imaging: Biological Light Microscopy

3-5 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 211

Proteostasis: From Basic Principles to Aging and Neurodegeneration

3 Units
BIO 214

Advanced Cell Biology

3 Units
BIOE 150

Biochemical Engineering

3 Units
BIOE 231

Protein Engineering

3 Units
BMDS 224

Principles of Pharmacogenomics

3 Units
CHEM 181

Biochemistry I

4 Units
CHEM 183

Biochemistry II

3 Units
CHEM 184

Biological Chemistry Laboratory

3 Units
CHEM 185

Biophysical Chemistry

3 Units
CHEM 283

Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface

3 Units
CS 279

Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells

3 Units
CSB 250

The Biology of Chromatin Templated Processes

3 Units
EE 236A

Modern Optics

3 Units
MCP 256

How Cells Work: Energetics, Compartments, and Coupling in Cell Biology

4 Units
STATS 191

Introduction to Applied Statistics

3 Units
and
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 10 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Cellular, Molecular, and Organismal Biology Subplan

Bio 80 Series

Complete all of the following course(s):
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 84

Physiology

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Bio 40 Series

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 43

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Neuronal Cell Biology

4 Units
BIO 44

Plant Molecular Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Physics Requirements

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 33

Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules

5 Units
CHEM 121

Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry

5 Units

CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Computer Science Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab

and
Statistics Requirement
Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

Cellular, Molecular, Organismal Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 25 units of electives (15 units of upper-division from the CMO Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives).

Complete all of the following requirements:
CMO Menu I

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

Earn at least 15 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIOE 101

Systems Biology

3 Units
CBIO 101

Cancer Biology

3 Units
CHEM 141

The Chemical Principles of Life I

4 Units
CHEM 143

The Chemical Principles of Life II

4 Units
CHEM 283

Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface

3 Units
and
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields

Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 10 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Computational and Systems Biology Subplan

BioFoundations Requirements

Complete at least 2 of the following courses:
BIO 81

Introduction to Ecology

4 Units
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 84

Physiology

4 Units
BIO 85

Evolution

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Requirements

Complete at least 2 of the following courses:
BIO 43

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Neuronal Cell Biology

4 Units
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 47

Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

4 Units

BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 21

Calculus

4 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units
or
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Physics Requirements

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units

CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Computer Science Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
or
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units
CS 229

Machine Learning

3-4 Units
or
CS 221

Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques

3-4 Units

CS 106X can substitute CS 106A and CS 106B.

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Statistics Requirement

Students must complete one course from each group.

Complete all of the following requirements:
Group 1
Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
STATS 117

Introduction to Probability Theory

3-4 Units
and
STATS 118

Probability Theory for Statistical Inference

3-4 Units
and
Group 2
Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
STATS 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
STATS 191

Introduction to Applied Statistics

3 Units

Computational and Systems Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 20 units of electives (10 units of the Computational & Systems Bio Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives)

Complete all of the following requirements:
Computational & Systems Bio Menu I

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

Earn at least 10 units in the following course(s):
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 294

Cellular Biophysics

3 Units
BIO 287A

Advanced Topics in Mathematical Evolutionary Biology

3 Units
BIOE 101

Systems Biology

3 Units
BMDS 215

Data Science for Medicine

3 Units
CS 270

Modeling Biomedical Systems

3 Units
CS 273B

Deep Learning in Genomics and Biomedicine

3 Units
CS 274

Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology

1-4 Units
CS 275

Translational Bioinformatics

3-4 Units
CS 279

Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells

3 Units
CBIO 243

Principles of Cancer Systems Biology

3 Units
GENE 211

Genomics

3 Units
IMMUNOL 206

Introduction to Applied Computational Tools in Immunology

2 Units
IMMUNOL 207

Essential Methods in Computational and Systems Immunology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIOE 222

Physics and Engineering Principles of Multi-modality Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects

3-4 Units
APPPHYS 237

Quantitative Evolutionary Dynamics and Genomics

3 Units
CS 224W

Machine Learning with Graphs

3-4 Units
STATS 326

Topics in Generative Modeling Methods in Protein Modeling and Design

3 Units
and
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields

Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 10 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Subplan

BioFoundations Requirement

Complete all of the following course(s):
BIO 81

Introduction to Ecology

4 Units
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 85

Evolution

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Courses

Complete any of the following course(s):
BIO 44

Plant Molecular Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 47

Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

4 Units

BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirements
Complete any of the following course(s):
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 21

Calculus

4 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Physics and Computer Science Requirement

Students must satisfy either the physics or computer science requirements.

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Physics Option

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
or
Computer Science Option
Complete any of the following course(s):
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units
and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete any of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
and
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 31E

Chemical Foundations and 21st Century Problems

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Statistics Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
OCEANS 174H

Marine Data Science in Practice

4 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 40 units of electives (18 units from EEE Menu I and 22 units of additional electives).

Complete all of the following requirements:
Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Electives Menu I
Earn at least 18 units in the following course(s):
BIO 35

Sustainability and Civilization

1 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 114A

bioBUDS: Building Up Developing Scientists

2 Units
BIO 114B

bioBUDS: Building Up Developing Scientists

2 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 125

Environmental Change and Marine Biodiversity

3 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 148

Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems

4 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 201

Techniques in Environmental Microbiology

1-4 Units
BIO 223

Stochastic and Nonlinear Dynamics

3 Units
BIO 251

Quantitative Evolutionary Dynamics and Genomics

3 Units
BIO 273A

Environmental Microbiology I

3 Units
BMDS 173A

Foundations of Computational Human Genomics

3-4 Units
EARTHSYS 151

Biological Oceanography

3 Units
EARTHSYS 155

Science of Soils

4-5 Units
EARTHSYS 185

Feeding Nine Billion

4 Units
EARTHSYS 205A

Fundamentals of Geobiology

3 Units
EPS 161

Quantitative Methods in Paleobiology

3 Units
HUMBIO 113

The Human-Plant Connection

3 Units
HUMBIO 114

Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease

3 Units
OCEANS 125H

Environmental Change and Marine Biodiversity

3-4 Units
EPS 137

The Sixth Extinction (and the Other Five)

3 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

and
Additional Elective Courses In Biology and related STEM fields

Complete 22 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 22 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Microbial Sciences Subplan

BioFoundations Requirement

Complete at least 3 of the following courses:
BIO 81

Introduction to Ecology

4 Units
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 84

Physiology

4 Units
BIO 85

Evolution

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Requirement

Complete all of the following course(s):
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 47

Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

4 Units

BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirements
Complete any of the following course(s):
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 21

Calculus

4 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Physics Requirements

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units

and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 33

Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules

5 Units
CHEM 121

Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry

5 Units

CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B.

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Statistics Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

Microbial Sciences Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 29 units of electives (9 units minimum from Menu 1 and 20 units of additional electives).

Complete all of the following requirements:
Microbial Sciences Menu I

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

Earn at least 9 units in the following course(s):
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 230

Cellular and Molecular Immunology: An Introductory Course

4 Units
BIO 273A

Environmental Microbiology I

3 Units
EARTHSYS 114

Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease

3 Units
GENE 242

Genetics of Viral Emergence and Emerging Viruses

2 Units
IMMUNOL 201

Advanced Immunology I

3 Units
MI 210

Microbe-Host Interactions in Health and Disease

4 Units
IMMUNOL 205

Immunology in Health and Disease

4 Units
IMMUNOL 209

Translational Immunology

1 Units
IMMUNOL 223

Biology and Disease of Hematopoiesis

3 Units
ESS 210

Techniques in Environmental Microbiology

1-4 Units
ESS 158

Geomicrobiology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
and
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields

Complete 20 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 20 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Neurosciences Subplan

BioFoundations Requirement

Complete at least 2 of the following courses:
BIO 82

Genetics

4 Units
BIO 83

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

4 Units
BIO 86

Cell Biology

4 Units

Foundational Laboratory Requirement

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 43

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Neuronal Cell Biology

4 Units
BIO 45

Introduction to Laboratory Research in Cell and Molecular Biology

4 Units

STEM Requirements

Complete all of the following requirements:
Math Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
CME 100

Vector Calculus for Engineers

5 Units
MATH 19

Calculus

3 Units
and
MATH 20

Calculus

3 Units
MATH 51

Linear Algebra, Multivariable Calculus, and Modern Applications

5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Physics Requirement

Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

Complete any of the following requirements:
PHYSICS 20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 21

Mechanics and Fluids

4 Units
PHYSICS 22

Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory

1 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
or
PHYSICS 40 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 43

Electricity and Magnetism

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 81

Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus

4 Units
PHYSICS 45

Light and Heat

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 44

Electricity and Magnetism Lab

1 Units

PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.

or
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
Complete all of the following course(s):
PHYSICS 41

Mechanics

4 Units
or
PHYSICS 41E

Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context

5 Units
or
PHYSICS 61

Mechanics and Special Relativity

4 Units
PHYSICS 23

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

4 Units
PHYSICS 24

Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory

1 Units
and
Chemistry Requirements
Complete all of the following course(s):
CHEM 31A

Chemical Principles I

5 Units
CHEM 31B

Chemical Principles II

5 Units
CHEM 33

Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules

5 Units

CHEM 31E can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B.

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Computer Science Requirement
Complete any of the following course(s):
CS 106A

Programming Methodology

3-5 Units
CS 106B

Programming Abstractions

3-5 Units

Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.

and
Statistics Requirement
Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
CME 106

Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers

4 Units
CS 109

Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists

3-5 Units
STATS 60

Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus

5 Units
STATS 110

Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences

5 Units

Neurosciences Subplan Electives

Must complete a total of 38 units (4 units of BIO102, 15 units of Neuroscience Menu I, and 19 units of additional electives)

Complete all of the following requirements:
Required Course
Earn at least 4 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
and
Neuroscience Menu I

Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.

Earn at least 15 units in the following course(s):
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 204

Neuroplasticity: From Synapses to Behavior

3 Units
BIO 211

Proteostasis: From Basic Principles to Aging and Neurodegeneration

3 Units
BIO 222

Exploring Neural Circuits

3 Units
NBIO 227

Understanding Techniques in Neuroscience

2 Units
NBIO 220

Machine Learning Methods for Neural Data Analysis

3 Units
PSYC 121

Machine Learning for Neuroimaging

3-4 Units
PSYC 124

Brain Plasticity

3 Units
PSYC 135

Dement's Sleep and Dreams

3 Units
PSYC 152

The Neuroscience of Stress and Reward: Emotions, Behavior, and Neurocircuit Mechanisms

4 Units
PSYC 183

Addictions in our World: From Physiology to Human Behavior

3 Units
PSYCH 134

Brain and Decision Making

3 Units
PSYCH 169

Advanced Seminar on Memory

3 Units
PSYCH 202

Cognitive Neuroscience

3 Units
PSYCH 236

Mind Reading with Movies and Neuroimaging

3 Units
PSYCH 249

Large-Scale Neural Network Modeling for Neuroscience

3 Units
and
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields

Complete 19 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Additional Elective Courses in Biology

These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.

Earn at least 19 units in the following course(s):
BIO 102

Introduction to Neuroscience

4 Units
BIO 104

Methods in Agroecology

3 Units
BIO 105A

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 105B

Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve

4 Units
BIO 110

The Chromatin-Regulated Genome

3 Units
BIO 110H

Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation

3 Units
BIO 111

Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 113

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

4 Units
BIO 115

The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi

4 Units
BIO 117

Biology and Global Change

4 Units
BIO 118

Stress and the Social Brain

3 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Marine Ecosystems

3-4 Units
BIO 119

Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms

3 Units
BIO 120

Integrative and Experimental Microbiology

3 Units
BIO 121

Ornithology

3 Units
BIO 122

Behavioral Endocrinology

4 Units
BIO 123

Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning

3 Units
BIO 124

Topics in Cancer Biology

3 Units
BIO 126

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
BIO 127

Genomic approaches to the study of human disease

3 Units
BIO 128S

Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications

3 Units
BIO 131

Environmental Data Analysis

3 Units
BIO 132

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
BIO 132S

Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease

4 Units
BIO 133

Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology

3 Units
BIO 136

Macroevolution

3 Units
BIO 137

Plant EcoEvo in the Field

3 Units
BIO 139

Pattern Formation

3 Units
BIO 140

The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea

3 Units
BIO 141

Introduction to Statistics for Biology

5 Units
BIO 143H

Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation

4 Units
BIO 144

Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective

3 Units
BIO 145

Behavioral Ecology

3 Units
BIO 146

Genes and Disease

3 Units
BIO 149

The Neurobiology of Sleep

4 Units
BIO 150

Human Behavioral Biology

5 Units
BIO 151

Mechanisms of Neuron Death

3 Units
BIO 153

Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease

3 Units
BIO 154

Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming

4 Units
BIO 155

Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants

3 Units
BIO 157

Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders

3 Units
BIO 160

Developmental Biology

4 Units
BIO 161

Organismal Biology Lab

4 Units
BIO 162

Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration

3 Units
BIO 162H

Marine Animal Physiology

3 Units
BIO 163

Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI

3 Units
BIO 165

Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology

3 Units
BIO 166

Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate

3-4 Units
BIO 167

Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology

3 Units
BIO 168

Explorations in Stem Cell Biology

3 Units
BIO 170

Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet

3 Units
BIO 172

Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications

4 Units
BIO 173

Chemical Biology

3 Units
BIO 173H

Marine Conservation Biology

3 Units
BIO 176

Disease Ecology

3 Units
BIO 177

Microbial Metabolism

3 Units
BIO 178

Microbiology Literature

3 Units
BIO 179

The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World

1-3 Units
BIO 182

Modeling Cultural Evolution

3 Units
BIO 182H

Stanford at Sea

16 Units
BIO 183

Theoretical Population Genetics

3 Units
BIO 185

Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna

3 Units
BIO 187

Mathematical Population Biology

3 Units
BIO 188

Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling

3 Units
BIO 191

Evolutionary Genomics

3 Units
BIO 192

Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1 Units

Capstone units: a maximum of seven units of BIO 199, BIO 199A, BIO 199B, BIO 199X, may be counted towards this requirement. Honors students, in addition may double-count BIO 199W for electives, honors, and WIM requirement.

or
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses

Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.

Honors

Optional
Students may choose to pursue department honors by completing a program of special advanced work, such as an honors thesis, in addition to their major requirements.

Honors

Honors Overview

To graduate with departmental honors, a student must conduct an independent research project, typically over the course of at least one year; projects are started no later than Autumn Quarter of the junior year. Research must be done in a Biology Department lab or a lab in another department for which the student has obtained prior approval. Administrative steps include:

  1. Submit an approved honors proposal during the Winter quarter a year before intended graduation.

  2. Complete at least 10 units of an approved research project in the same lab. Students conducting research in a lab outside of the Department of Biology must submit an Out of Department Research Petition opens in a new tab either before they start their research, or if research was started prior to declaring the Biology major, as soon as their major declaration is approved. Only research units from BIO counted toward the 10 unit requirement.

  3. Obtain at least a 3.0 (B) grade point average (GPA) in all Biology major requirements taken at Stanford (foundational, breadth, and elective courses).

  4. If graduating in Spring, participate in the annual Achauer Undergraduate Biology Honors Symposium by presenting a poster or giving an oral presentation. The symposium is typically held at the end of May.

  5. Complete and, by the published deadline within the quarter graduation is expected, submit online an honors thesis approved by at least two readers by the published deadline within the quarter graduation is expected. At least one reader must be from the faculty of the Department of Biology, and both readers must be Academic Council members. The title page of the honors thesis must include student's name, thesis title, name and department of research sponsor, and name and department of second reader. Students must submit this page with original ink signatures to the student services office by the published deadline for the quarter in which graduation is expected.

Further information on the honors program is available on the Honors Program and Undergraduate Research in Biology opens in a new tab website.