Major: Bachelor of Science
MajorOverview
The undergraduate major in Biology can serve as a stepping-stone for a wide variety of career opportunities. For students planning to attend medical, dental, veterinary school, or graduate school in biological and applied sciences, the biology major provides a strong foundation in the basic life sciences. This foundation of knowledge, plus laboratory experience, also prepares students well for research and technical positions in universities, government, and industry.
While a major in Biology provides an excellent background for these technical careers, it can also serve as a valuable and satisfying focus of a liberal arts education for those not planning careers in science-related fields. Understanding basic biological principles is increasingly essential in today’s world. A knowledgeable and concerned citizenry is the best guarantee that these issues will be resolved most effectively. Finally, understanding life’s processes can heighten our perception and appreciation of the world in terms of its beauty, variety, and uniqueness.
Advising
Students have the following 3 types of advisors that can serve as fantastic advising resources for current students:
The student services staff and BioBridge opens in a new tab, the department’s peer advising group, are prepared to answer questions on administrative matters, such as requirements for the major, approved out-of-department electives, transfer course evaluations, and petition procedures. This office also distributes the department’s Bachelor of Science Handbook opens in a new tab, which delineates policies and requirements, and other department forms and informational handouts. Members of the Biology faculty opens in a new tab are available for advising on such academic matters as choice of courses, research, suggested readings, and career plans.
Students pursuing medical, pre-health, and veterinary graduate programs are encouraged to meet with UADs for Pre-Professional Advising opens in a new tab.
Requirements
Refer to each subplan for a detailed list of each core subplan’s requirements.
Note: The "General Biology Subplan" requirements as outlined on the department website are listed in the "Core Program Requirements" of this Bulletin.
Core Program Requirements
Foundational Laboratory Requirement
BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.
STEM Requirements
Math Requirement
Physics Requirements
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
Chemistry Requirements
CHEM 31E can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B.
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Statistics Requirement
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
OCEANS 174H
Marine Data Science in Practice
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
General Biology Electives
Must complete a total of 23 units of electives.
Students may choose courses from the General Biology Subplan Electives and from the Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses.
Biology Department Elective Courses
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Electives
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Please refer to each subplan for a full overview of the electives requirements for that subplan.
The following is a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. These courses may be used to complete some of the elective requirements for each subplan, according to the guidance of the subplan.
Note: OSPAUSTL 10, OSPAUSTL 28, and OSPAUSTL 32 can only count for 2 units each (6 units total) for electives. CHEM 121 may count toward electives or additional electives for subplans that do not require CHEM 121 in the STEM section of the subplan.
BIOC 241
Biological Macromolecules
BMDS 202
An overview of Biomedical Data Science
BIOE 101
Systems Biology
BIOE 103
Systems Physiology and Design
BIOE 214
Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology
BIOE 217
Translational Bioinformatics
BIOE 220
Introduction to Imaging and Image-based Human Anatomy
BIOE 231
Protein Engineering
BIOE 279
Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells
BIOE 450
Advances in Biotechnology
BMDS 173A
Foundations of Computational Human Genomics
BMDS 210
Modeling Biomedical Systems
CBIO 101
Cancer Biology
CBIO 240
Molecular and Genetic Basis of Cancer
CEE 161I
Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: The Atmospheric Circulation
CEE 177
Aquatic Chemistry and Biology
CEE 274D
Pathogens and Disinfection
CHEM 141
The Chemical Principles of Life I
CHEM 143
The Chemical Principles of Life II
CHEM 171
Linking the Molecular to the Macroscopic: Foundations of Physical Chemistry
CHEM 183
Biochemistry II
CHEM 184
Biological Chemistry Laboratory
CHEM 185
Biophysical Chemistry
CHEM 283
Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface
CHEMENG 110A
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
CS 106A
Programming Methodology
CS 106B
Programming Abstractions
CS 107
Computer Organization and Systems
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
DBIO 210
Developmental Biology
EARTHSYS 114
Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease
EARTHSYS 123A
Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions
EARTHSYS 141
Remote Sensing of the Oceans
EARTHSYS 142
Remote Sensing of Land
EARTHSYS 144
Fundamentals of Geographic Information Science (GIS)
EARTHSYS 146B
Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: the Ocean Circulation
EARTHSYS 151
Biological Oceanography
EARTHSYS 152
Marine Chemistry
EARTHSYS 155
Science of Soils
EARTHSYS 158
Geomicrobiology
EARTHSYS 240
Data Science for Geoscience
EPS 139
500 Million Years of Land Plant Evolution
GENE 202
Molecular, Cellular, and Genetic Medicine
GENE 211
Genomics
GENE 235
C. Elegans Genetics
HUMBIO 113
The Human-Plant Connection
HUMBIO 130
Human Nutrition
HUMBIO 131
The Science of Human Movement Lab
HUMBIO 135
Exercise Physiology
HUMBIO 154C
Cancer Epidemiology
IMMUNOL 201
Advanced Immunology I
IMMUNOL 202
Advanced Immunology II
IMMUNOL 205
Immunology in Health and Disease
IMMUNOL 206
Introduction to Applied Computational Tools in Immunology
IMMUNOL 209
Translational Immunology
MCP 156
How Cells Work: Energetics, Compartments, and Coupling in Cell Biology
OCEANS 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
OSPAUSTL 10
Coral Reef Ecosystems
OSPAUSTL 28
Terrestrial Ecology and Conservation
OSPAUSTL 32
Coastal Ecosystems
OSPSANTG 85
Marine Ecology of Chile and the South Pacific
PSYC 124
Brain Plasticity
PSYCH 202
Cognitive Neuroscience
PSYCH 221
Image Systems Engineering
STATS 191
Introduction to Applied Statistics
STATS 200
Introduction to Theoretical Statistics
STATS 202
Statistical Learning and Data Science
SURG 101
Regional Study of Human Structure
SUSTAIN 103
Human and Planetary Health
BMDS 221
Machine Learning Approaches for Data Fusion in Biomedicine
BMDS 273
Deep Learning in Genomics and Biomedicine
EARTHSYS 205A
Fundamentals of Geobiology
EPI 231
Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases
NBIO 227
Understanding Techniques in Neuroscience
OSPSANTG 58
Global Change in Chile
PSYC 152
The Neuroscience of Stress and Reward: Emotions, Behavior, and Neurocircuit Mechanisms
PSYC 183
Addictions in our World: From Physiology to Human Behavior
PSYCH 169
Advanced Seminar on Memory
CHEM 121
Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry
Students may take the crosslisted version of any of the courses listed above.
Writing in the Major (WIM)
Writing in the Major (WIM)
BIO 47
Introduction to Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 199A
The Independent Capstone in Biology I
BIO 199W
Senior Honors Thesis: How to Effectively Write About Scientific Research
Capstone
Capstone Options
All students must choose one of the following 3 options to meet the Capstone requirement. More information about this requirement can be found on the department website opens in a new tab.
Capstone Option #1- Honors
Course Requirements:
10 units of BIO 199 or BIO 199X (must submit BIO 199X petition opens in a new tab) from your Honors lab completed during your junior and senior years only. 7 of the 10 units of BIO 199 or BIO 199X can double count toward additional electives requirement.
If this poses a challenge, we will consider exceptions on a case-by-case basis for students who have completed comparable experience through federal work study, paid research experience, etc.
3 units of BIO 199W. Fulfills WIM. BIO 199W can double count toward additional electives requirement.
To graduate with departmental honors, a student must conduct an independent research project during their junior and senior years. Research must be done in a Biology Department lab or a lab in another department for which the student has obtained prior approval.
Administrative steps include:
Submit an approved honors proposal during the winter quarter of junior year.
Complete at least ten units of an approved research project from the same lab. Students conducting research in a lab outside of the Department of Biology must submit an Out of Department Research Petition opens in a new tab either before they start their research or, if the research was started before declaring the Biology major, as soon as their major declaration is approved. Only research units from BIO are counted toward the ten-unit requirement.
Obtain at least a 3.0 (B) grade point average (GPA) in all Biology major requirements taken at Stanford (foundational, breadth, and elective courses).
Participate in the annual Achauer Undergraduate Biology Honors Symposium by presenting a poster or giving an oral presentation. The symposium is typically held in mid-May.
Complete and, by the published deadline during the spring quarter of senior year, submit online an honors thesis approved by at least two readers. At least one reader must be from the faculty of the Department of Biology, and both readers must be Academic Council members. The title page of the honors thesis must include the student name, thesis title, name and department of research sponsor, and name and department of the second reader. Students must submit this page with original ink signatures to the student services office by the published deadline for the quarter in which graduation is expected.
Honors Program and Undergraduate Research in Biology opens in a new tab for further information on the honors program.
Capstone Option #2- Independent Capstone
Students who wish to complete an independent capstone project must enroll in the Independent Capstone in Biology course series. Such projects might involve creative works, research or business internships, travel-based study, teaching, or community service. Examples include the production of a teaching or business plan, a film or podcast, or a public education campaign.
Students will enroll in Bio 199A and Bio 199B to complete the capstone requirement. Students will have two opportunities to enroll in the Independent Capstone requirement (one starting in spring of junior year and the later cohort starting in winter of senior year).
BIO 199A–3 units
Cohort A: enroll during spring quarter of the junior year
Cohort B: enroll during winter quarter of senior year
BIO 199B–3 units
Cohort A: enroll during autumn quarter of senior year
Cohort B: enroll during spring quarter of senior year
Students can view the full requirement information on the Independent Capstone and Virtual Showcase opens in a new tab for past student projects.
Capstone Option #3- Notation in Science Communication
The Notation in Science Communication opens in a new tab (NSC) provides undergraduates with a new opportunity to develop their ability to communicate technical information to a variety of audiences using multiple genres and modes. Through a combination of coursework, advising and reflection, selected students can earn a special designation on their official transcripts that indicates their advanced work in science communication. Students can submit an application opens in a new tabthrough the Program in Writing and Rhetoric.
Note that students must fulfill all the requirements for the Notation in Science Communication opens in a new tab in order to fulfill the capstone requirement.
Required Courses
PWR 91NSC
Intermediate Writing: Introduction to Science Communication
PWR 99ANSC
NSC Portfolio Preparation I
PWR 99BNSC
NSC Portfolio Preparation II
PWR Elective Courses
Students must complete one of the PWR 91 courses listed or a PWR194 course that is tagged for the specific notation (aside from PWR 91NSC, which is already required).
See NSC Overview opens in a new tabfor specific approved courses.
Non-PWR Elective Course
An additional (3-5 unit) non-PWR elective course is required to complete the Notation in Science Communication.
This website opens in a new tab lists sample courses that could qualify as non-PWR elective courses. Students must email notationsc@stanford.edu with their choice of elective course, whether that course is on this list or not, in order for that course to count toward their progress in the Notation. If you have questions about the non-PWR Elective course requirement, email notationsc@stanford.edu.
WIM courses may not double- count towards both the department and NSC requirements.
Subplans
OptionalBiochemistry and Biophysics Subplan
STEM Requirements
Math Requirements
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Physics Requirements
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45 (4 units) along with AP Physics C credit can substitute for PHYSICS 41 and PHYSICS 43
Chemistry Requirements
CHEM 31A
Chemical Principles I
CHEM 31B
Chemical Principles II
CHEM 33
Structure and Reactivity of Carbon-Based Molecules
CHEM 121
Understanding the Natural and Unnatural World through Chemistry
CHEM 141
The Chemical Principles of Life I
CHEM 143
The Chemical Principles of Life II
CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Computer Science Requirement
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Statistics Requirement
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Biochemistry / Biophysics Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 20 units of electives (10 units of Biochem/Biophysics Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives)
Biochemistry/Biophysics Menu I
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 152
Imaging: Biological Light Microscopy
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 211
Proteostasis: From Basic Principles to Aging and Neurodegeneration
BIO 214
Advanced Cell Biology
BIOE 150
Biochemical Engineering
BIOE 231
Protein Engineering
BMDS 224
Principles of Pharmacogenomics
CHEM 181
Biochemistry I
CHEM 183
Biochemistry II
CHEM 184
Biological Chemistry Laboratory
CHEM 185
Biophysical Chemistry
CHEM 283
Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface
CS 279
Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells
CSB 250
The Biology of Chromatin Templated Processes
EE 236A
Modern Optics
MCP 256
How Cells Work: Energetics, Compartments, and Coupling in Cell Biology
STATS 191
Introduction to Applied Statistics
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Cellular, Molecular, and Organismal Biology Subplan
STEM Requirements
Math Requirement
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Physics Requirements
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
Chemistry Requirements
CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Computer Science Requirement
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab
Statistics Requirement
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Cellular, Molecular, Organismal Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 25 units of electives (15 units of upper-division from the CMO Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives).
CMO Menu I
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIOE 101
Systems Biology
CBIO 101
Cancer Biology
CHEM 141
The Chemical Principles of Life I
CHEM 143
The Chemical Principles of Life II
CHEM 283
Therapeutic Science at the Chemistry - Biology Interface
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields
Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Computational and Systems Biology Subplan
Foundational Laboratory Requirements
BIO 47 fulfills the WIM requirement.
STEM Requirements
Math Requirements
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Physics Requirements
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
Computer Science Requirements
CS 106X can substitute CS 106A and CS 106B.
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Statistics Requirement
Students must complete one course from each group.
Computational and Systems Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 20 units of electives (10 units of the Computational & Systems Bio Menu I course list and 10 units of additional electives)
Computational & Systems Bio Menu I
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 294
Cellular Biophysics
BIO 287A
Advanced Topics in Mathematical Evolutionary Biology
BIOE 101
Systems Biology
BMDS 215
Data Science for Medicine
CS 270
Modeling Biomedical Systems
CS 273B
Deep Learning in Genomics and Biomedicine
CS 274
Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology
CS 275
Translational Bioinformatics
CS 279
Computational Biology: Structure and Organization of Biomolecules and Cells
CBIO 243
Principles of Cancer Systems Biology
GENE 211
Genomics
IMMUNOL 206
Introduction to Applied Computational Tools in Immunology
IMMUNOL 207
Essential Methods in Computational and Systems Immunology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIOE 222
Physics and Engineering Principles of Multi-modality Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects
APPPHYS 237
Quantitative Evolutionary Dynamics and Genomics
CS 224W
Machine Learning with Graphs
STATS 326
Topics in Generative Modeling Methods in Protein Modeling and Design
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields
Complete 10 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Subplan
STEM Requirements
Math Requirements
Physics and Computer Science Requirement
Students must satisfy either the physics or computer science requirements.
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Physics Option
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
Chemistry Requirements
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Statistics Requirement
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
OCEANS 174H
Marine Data Science in Practice
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 40 units of electives (18 units from EEE Menu I and 22 units of additional electives).
Ecology, Evolution, and Environment Electives Menu I
BIO 35
Sustainability and Civilization
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 114A
bioBUDS: Building Up Developing Scientists
BIO 114B
bioBUDS: Building Up Developing Scientists
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 125
Environmental Change and Marine Biodiversity
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 148
Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 201
Techniques in Environmental Microbiology
BIO 223
Stochastic and Nonlinear Dynamics
BIO 251
Quantitative Evolutionary Dynamics and Genomics
BIO 273A
Environmental Microbiology I
BMDS 173A
Foundations of Computational Human Genomics
EARTHSYS 151
Biological Oceanography
EARTHSYS 155
Science of Soils
EARTHSYS 185
Feeding Nine Billion
EARTHSYS 205A
Fundamentals of Geobiology
EPS 161
Quantitative Methods in Paleobiology
HUMBIO 113
The Human-Plant Connection
HUMBIO 114
Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease
OCEANS 125H
Environmental Change and Marine Biodiversity
EPS 137
The Sixth Extinction (and the Other Five)
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
Additional Elective Courses In Biology and related STEM fields
Complete 22 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Microbial Sciences Subplan
STEM Requirements
Math Requirements
Physics Requirements
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
Chemistry Requirements
CHEM 31E (5 units) can substitute CHEM 31A and CHEM 31B.
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Statistics Requirement
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Microbial Sciences Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 29 units of electives (9 units minimum from Menu 1 and 20 units of additional electives).
Microbial Sciences Menu I
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 230
Cellular and Molecular Immunology: An Introductory Course
BIO 273A
Environmental Microbiology I
EARTHSYS 114
Global Change and Emerging Infectious Disease
GENE 242
Genetics of Viral Emergence and Emerging Viruses
IMMUNOL 201
Advanced Immunology I
MI 210
Microbe-Host Interactions in Health and Disease
IMMUNOL 205
Immunology in Health and Disease
IMMUNOL 209
Translational Immunology
IMMUNOL 223
Biology and Disease of Hematopoiesis
ESS 210
Techniques in Environmental Microbiology
ESS 158
Geomicrobiology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields
Complete 20 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Neurosciences Subplan
STEM Requirements
Math Requirement
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Physics Requirement
Students can complete the physics requirement by completing either one of the three physics sequences (see listed courses).
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
PHYSICS 20 Series
PHYSICS 21
Mechanics and Fluids
PHYSICS 22
Mechanics, Fluids, and Heat Laboratory
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
PHYSICS 40 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 43
Electricity and Magnetism
PHYSICS 81
Electricity and Magnetism Using Special Relativity and Vector Calculus
PHYSICS 45
Light and Heat
PHYSICS 44
Electricity and Magnetism Lab
PHYSICS 44 is not a course equivalent to PHYSICS 45, rather an option to complete the physics 40-sequence.
PHYSICS 40/20 Series
PHYSICS 41
Mechanics
PHYSICS 41E
Mechanics, Concepts, Calculations, and Context
PHYSICS 61
Mechanics and Special Relativity
PHYSICS 23
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
PHYSICS 24
Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics Laboratory
Chemistry Requirements
Computer Science Requirement
Some requirements can be fulfilled by AP credit opens in a new tab.
Statistics Requirement
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
CME 106
Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
CS 109
Introduction to Probability for Computer Scientists
STATS 60
Introduction to Statistical Methods: Precalculus
STATS 110
Introduction to Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
Neurosciences Subplan Electives
Must complete a total of 38 units (4 units of BIO102, 15 units of Neuroscience Menu I, and 19 units of additional electives)
Required Course
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
Neuroscience Menu I
Courses taken for Menu I requirement cannot double count toward additional electives.
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 204
Neuroplasticity: From Synapses to Behavior
BIO 211
Proteostasis: From Basic Principles to Aging and Neurodegeneration
BIO 222
Exploring Neural Circuits
NBIO 227
Understanding Techniques in Neuroscience
NBIO 220
Machine Learning Methods for Neural Data Analysis
PSYC 121
Machine Learning for Neuroimaging
PSYC 124
Brain Plasticity
PSYC 135
Dement's Sleep and Dreams
PSYC 152
The Neuroscience of Stress and Reward: Emotions, Behavior, and Neurocircuit Mechanisms
PSYC 183
Addictions in our World: From Physiology to Human Behavior
PSYCH 134
Brain and Decision Making
PSYCH 169
Advanced Seminar on Memory
PSYCH 202
Cognitive Neuroscience
PSYCH 236
Mind Reading with Movies and Neuroimaging
PSYCH 249
Large-Scale Neural Network Modeling for Neuroscience
Additional Elective Courses in Biology and related STEM fields
Complete 19 units from among the following two sets of Additional Electives.
Additional Elective Courses in Biology
These courses include additional Biofoundations (BIO 80-series) courses (limit 1), lab courses (limit 1 of BIO 43, BIO 44, BIO 45, or BIO 47), 100-level Bio courses, and courses from the menu of upper-level courses that were not used to fulfill other requirements.
BIO 102
Introduction to Neuroscience
BIO 104
Methods in Agroecology
BIO 105A
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 105B
Ecology and Natural History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
BIO 110
The Chromatin-Regulated Genome
BIO 110H
Shark Biology, Ecology & Conservation
BIO 111
Microbiology
BIO 113
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution
BIO 115
The Hidden Kingdom - Evolution, Ecology and Diversity of Fungi
BIO 117
Biology and Global Change
BIO 118
Stress and the Social Brain
BIO 119
Evolution of Marine Ecosystems
BIO 119
Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms
BIO 120
Integrative and Experimental Microbiology
BIO 121
Ornithology
BIO 122
Behavioral Endocrinology
BIO 123
Ocean Solutions: Science, Policy, and Community-Engaged Learning
BIO 124
Topics in Cancer Biology
BIO 126
Introduction to Biophysics
BIO 127
Genomic approaches to the study of human disease
BIO 128S
Bioethics: Frameworks and Applications
BIO 131
Environmental Data Analysis
BIO 132
Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics
BIO 132S
Introduction to Biotechnology: Detecting and Treating Disease
BIO 133
Scientific Writing and Communication in Cell and Molecular Biology
BIO 136
Macroevolution
BIO 137
Plant EcoEvo in the Field
BIO 139
Pattern Formation
BIO 140
The Science of Extreme Life of the Sea
BIO 141
Introduction to Statistics for Biology
BIO 143H
Quantitative Methods for Marine Ecology and Conservation
BIO 144
Conservation Biology: A Latin American Perspective
BIO 145
Behavioral Ecology
BIO 146
Genes and Disease
BIO 149
The Neurobiology of Sleep
BIO 150
Human Behavioral Biology
BIO 151
Mechanisms of Neuron Death
BIO 153
Molecular Epigenetics in Health and Disease
BIO 154
Advanced Neurobiology: Food, Sex, and Gaming
BIO 155
Cell and Developmental Biology of Plants
BIO 157
Biological Bases of Psychiatric Disorders
BIO 160
Developmental Biology
BIO 161
Organismal Biology Lab
BIO 162
Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration
BIO 162H
Marine Animal Physiology
BIO 163
Exploring Mammalian Cell Biology Using AI
BIO 165
Quantitative Approaches in Modern Biology
BIO 166
Securing Against Biological Threats: Natural, Accidental, Deliberate
BIO 167
Explorations in Neuroscience and Physiology
BIO 168
Explorations in Stem Cell Biology
BIO 170
Taking the Pulse of the Ocean: Innovative Technologies for the Blue Planet
BIO 172
Ecological Dynamics: Theory and Applications
BIO 173
Chemical Biology
BIO 173H
Marine Conservation Biology
BIO 176
Disease Ecology
BIO 177
Microbial Metabolism
BIO 178
Microbiology Literature
BIO 179
The Science & Practice of Valuing Nature for a Better World
BIO 182
Modeling Cultural Evolution
BIO 182H
Stanford at Sea
BIO 183
Theoretical Population Genetics
BIO 185
Where the Wild Things Are: The Ecology and Ethics of Conserving Megafauna
BIO 187
Mathematical Population Biology
BIO 188
Systems Biology: Principles of Cell Signaling
BIO 191
Evolutionary Genomics
BIO 192
Seminar on Statistical Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Approved Out-of-Department Elective Courses
Students may also choose from a list of out-of-department STEM courses, consisting of most 100-level courses in STEM subjects and some lower-level courses. Please refer to the Depth in Discipline section above for a full listing of these courses.
Honors
OptionalHonors
Honors Overview
To graduate with departmental honors, a student must conduct an independent research project, typically over the course of at least one year; projects are started no later than Autumn Quarter of the junior year. Research must be done in a Biology Department lab or a lab in another department for which the student has obtained prior approval. Administrative steps include:
Submit an approved honors proposal during the Winter quarter a year before intended graduation.
Complete at least 10 units of an approved research project in the same lab. Students conducting research in a lab outside of the Department of Biology must submit an Out of Department Research Petition opens in a new tab either before they start their research, or if research was started prior to declaring the Biology major, as soon as their major declaration is approved. Only research units from BIO counted toward the 10 unit requirement.
Obtain at least a 3.0 (B) grade point average (GPA) in all Biology major requirements taken at Stanford (foundational, breadth, and elective courses).
If graduating in Spring, participate in the annual Achauer Undergraduate Biology Honors Symposium by presenting a poster or giving an oral presentation. The symposium is typically held at the end of May.
Complete and, by the published deadline within the quarter graduation is expected, submit online an honors thesis approved by at least two readers by the published deadline within the quarter graduation is expected. At least one reader must be from the faculty of the Department of Biology, and both readers must be Academic Council members. The title page of the honors thesis must include student's name, thesis title, name and department of research sponsor, and name and department of second reader. Students must submit this page with original ink signatures to the student services office by the published deadline for the quarter in which graduation is expected.
Further information on the honors program is available on the Honors Program and Undergraduate Research in Biology opens in a new tab website.

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