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Applied Physics
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  1. Home
  2. Programs
  3. Graduate
  4. Applied Physics
  5. Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy

PhD
  • Applied Physics opens in a new tab
Program Minimum Units
30 Units
University Minimum Units
135 Units
Program Length
6 Years
Interests
Technology, Experimentation & Discovery, Sustainability
Academic Areas
Natural Sciences, Engineering & Computer Science

Overview

The Department of Applied Physics offers qualified students with backgrounds in physics or engineering the opportunity to do graduate coursework and research in the physics relevant to technical applications and natural phenomena. These areas include accelerator physics, biophysics, condensed matter physics, nanostructured materials, quantum electronics and photonics, quantum optics and quantum information, space science and astrophysics, synchrotron radiation, and applications.

Faculty members and various members of other departments such as Biology, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Physics, the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and faculty of the Medical School engaged in related research fields supervise student research.

Research activities are carried out in laboratories including the Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials (GLAM), the Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory (GINZTON),  the Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory (HEPL), the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the Center for Probing the Nanoscale, and the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES).

This program is full time, doctoral students in the Applied Physics PhD program are expected to maintain a significant physical presence on campus throughout their graduate studies. This ensures that students have access to advisors and mentors, libraries, and other resources that support timely progress towards completion of degree requirements. Additionally, being on campus ensures that students are part of the academic and campus community which supports continued professional development.

Requirements

Program Requirements

Requirements Overview

The program leading to a PhD in Applied Physics consists of coursework, research, qualifying for PhD candidacy, a research progress report, a university oral examination, and a dissertation.

  • Courses in Physics and Mathematics to overcome deficiencies, if any, in undergraduate preparation

  • Basic graduate courses: These requirements may be totally or partly satisfied with equivalent courses taken elsewhere, pending the approval of the graduate study committee; Letter grades are required for all courses

  • Students are expected to complete the specified course requirements by the end of their third year of graduate study

Coursework
PhD candidates must complete a minimum of 135 units. These courses must be numbered 100+.

Out of the 135 units, a student must complete a minimum of 30 units of approved courses in engineering and science. Core Course requirements outlined below make up 12-15 of these 30 units and must be taken for a letter grade. 18 of these 30 units must be advanced course work numbered 200+ to fit the particular interests of the individual student and must also be taken for a letter grade.

Additional units of courses as needed to meet the minimum residency requirement of 135 units. Research units, directed study, seminars, and curricular practical training included.

Core Course Requirements

All PhD students must complete at least one approved graduate course (for a letter grade) in each of any four of the following five areas:

  1. Quantum Mechanics

  2. Statistical and Condensed Matter Physics

  3. Classical Physics

  4. Methods

  5. Biophysics

A course that appears in multiple categories may be used to satisfy only one core requirement. The flagship course, offered every year by the Applied Physics department in each area is listed in each area. Students unfamiliar with a topic area are strongly encouraged to begin with the flagship course, or another more introductory course as needed. Discussions with the academic advisor will help students determine their appropriate curriculum. Students with prior background may choose any approved course in that category.

Total coursework: Students must complete a minimum of 18 units of courses numbered 200 or above in science or engineering, including the four core courses above.

Letter grade: All courses used to satisfy program requirements must be taken for a letter grade.

Double-counting: A course that appears in multiple categories may be used to satisfy only one core requirement.

Units to Reach PhD University Minimum: An additional 105 units are needed to meet the University minimum residency requirement of 135 units of completed course work. This requirement is typically fulfilled primarily by directed study and research units, as well as 1-unit seminar courses.

Waiver and Substitution Policy

Students with equivalent prior coursework may petition the Graduate Studies Committee for a substitution (not a waiver). Under a substitution, the student takes a different advanced course in a related area rather than skipping the requirement; the total number of required courses remains the same. Students considering a substitution should consult with their academic advisor to assess their preparation and identify an appropriate alternative course.

Petitions should include the syllabus and transcript from the prior course. The committee chair reviews for equivalency.

Outright waivers (reducing the number of courses) are granted only in rare circumstances.

Milestones

Third-Year Progress Meeting: this is to discuss the progress toward the formulation of thesis research and completion of the other degree requirements. This is not an examination and there is no recorded evaluation. It must occur by the end of spring quarter of the third year. The third-year progress committee consists of the student’s research advisor and one additional faculty member. This second member of the committee can be the academic advisor or another Applied Physics faculty member of the student’s choosing.

Fourth-Year Progress Report: this is normally completed before the end of winter quarter of the fourth year of enrollment in graduate study at Stanford. The Progress Report should not be viewed as an exam; rather, it is an informational discussion between students and the group that will be their Dissertation Reading Committee. Students share research results to date and get input on future research plans leading to degree conferral. The student arranges to give an oral research progress report presentation should not take more than 45 minutes, with an additional 15 minutes for questions.

Core Course Requirements

Complete at least 1 course in each of any 4 of the following 5 areas.

Complete any of the following requirements:
Quantum Mechanics

Flagship course: APPPHYS 203 is strongly recommended for students unfamiliar with this topic area.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 203

Atoms, Fields and Photons

4 Units
APPPHYS 228

Quantum Hardware

4 Units
APPPHYS 282

ULTRACOLD QUANTUM PHYSICS

3 Units
APPPHYS 283

Ultrafast Quantum Physics

3 Units
EE 224

Quantum Control and Engineering

3 Units
PHYSICS 230

Graduate Quantum Mechanics I

3 Units
PHYSICS 231

Graduate Quantum Mechanics II

3 Units
PHYSICS 234

Advanced Topics in Quantum Mechanics

3-4 Units
PHYSICS 330

Quantum Field Theory I

3 Units
PHYSICS 331

Quantum Field Theory II

3 Units
PHYSICS 332

Quantum Field Theory III

3 Units
PHYSICS 430

Quantum Error Correction

3 Units
or
Statistical and Condensed Matter Physics

Flagship course: APPPHYS 204 is strongly recommended for students unfamiliar with this topic area.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 204

Quantum Materials

4 Units
APPPHYS 229

Statistical Mechanics of Learning and Computation

3 Units
APPPHYS 230

Renormalization Group and Randomness

3 Units
APPPHYS 270

Magnetism and Long Range Order in Solids

3 Units
APPPHYS 272

Solid State Physics

3-4 Units
APPPHYS 273

Solid State Physics II

3 Units
APPPHYS 280

Phenomenology of Superconductors

3 Units
APPPHYS 285

Physics of Disordered Systems

3 Units
CHEMENG 466

Polymer Physics

3 Units
PHYSICS 212

Statistical Mechanics

3 Units
PHYSICS 372

Condensed Matter Theory I

3 Units
PHYSICS 373

Condensed Matter Theory II

3 Units
or
Classical Physics
Complete any of the following requirements:
Electrodynamics and Optics

Flagship course: APPPHYS 201 is strongly recommended for students unfamiliar with this topic area.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 201

Electrons and Photons

4 Units
APPPHYS 220

Advanced Topics in Accelerator Physics

3 Units
APPPHYS 325

Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Lasers: Principles and Applications.

3 Units
EE 236A

Modern Optics

3 Units
EE 236B

Guided Waves

3 Units
EE 236C

Lasers

3 Units
EE 242

Electromagnetic Waves

3 Units
EE 292L

Computational Electromagnetics

3 Units
EE 336

Nanophotonics

3 Units
EE 346

Introduction to Nonlinear Optics

3 Units
MATSCI 341

Quantum Theory of Electronic and Optical Excitations in Materials

3 Units
PHOTON 366

Light and Plasma

3 Units
PHYSICS 220

Classical Electrodynamics

3 Units
or
Continuum Mechanics

Note: There is no flagship course for Continuum Mechanics.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
AA 201A

Fundamentals of Acoustics

3 Units
AA 201B

Topics in Aeroacoustics

3 Units
AA 210A

Fundamentals of Compressible Flow

3 Units
CEE 262A

Hydrodynamics

3-4 Units
GEOPHYS 238

Waves in Solids and Fluids

3 Units
ME 351A

Fluid Mechanics

3 Units
ME 351B

Fluid Mechanics

3 Units
ME 360

Physics of Microfluidics

3 Units
or
Methods
Complete any of the following requirements:
Laboratory Courses

Flagship courses: APPPHYS 214 or APPPHYS 232 are strongly recommended for students unfamiliar with this topic area.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 214

Experimental Methods for Quantum Materials

3 Units
APPPHYS 222

Principles of X-ray Scattering

4 Units
APPPHYS 232

Advanced Imaging Lab in Biophysics

4 Units
EE 234

Photonics Laboratory

3 Units
EE 235

Molecular and Cellular Engineering Lab

3 Units
EE 235A

Analytical Methods in Biotechnology I

3 Units
EE 251

High-Frequency Circuit Design Laboratory

3 Units
EE 312

Integrated Circuit Fabrication Laboratory

3-4 Units
ENGR 241

Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Laboratory

3 Units
MATSCI 171

Energy Materials Laboratory

3-4 Units
MATSCI 172

X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory

3-4 Units
MATSCI 173

Mechanical Behavior Laboratory

3-4 Units
MATSCI 322

Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory

3 Units
MATSCI 326

X-Ray Science and Techniques

3 Units
MATSCI 327

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis and Simulation

3 Units
PHYSICS 301

Graduate Observational Astrophysics

3 Units
or
Computational Courses

Note: There is no flagship course for Computational Courses.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
CME 206

Introduction to Numerical Methods for Engineering

3 Units
CME 213

Introduction to parallel computing using MPI, openMP, and CUDA

3 Units
CS 221

Artificial Intelligence: Principles and Techniques

3-4 Units
CS 224N

Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning

3-4 Units
CS 224R

Deep Reinforcement Learning

3 Units
CS 228

Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques

3-4 Units
CS 229

Machine Learning

3-4 Units
CS 236

Deep Generative Models

3 Units
EE 292L

Computational Electromagnetics

3 Units
EE 364A

Convex Optimization I

3 Units
EE 364B

Convex Optimization II

3 Units
ME 469

Computational Methods in Fluid Mechanics

3 Units
or
Mathematical Methods Courses

Note: There is no flagship course for Mathematical Methods Courses.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 223

Stochastic and Nonlinear Dynamics

3 Units
CME 308

Stochastic Methods in Engineering

3 Units
EE 276

Information Theory

3 Units
EE 278

Probability and Statistical Inference

3 Units
MATH 220A

Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics

3 Units
STATS 200

Introduction to Theoretical Statistics

3-4 Units
or
Biophysics

Note: There is no flagship course for Biophysics.

Complete at least 1 of the following courses:
APPPHYS 205

Introduction to Biophysics

3-4 Units
APPPHYS 235

Biotransport Phenomena

3 Units
APPPHYS 237

Quantitative Evolutionary Dynamics and Genomics

3 Units
APPPHYS 294

Cellular Biophysics

3 Units
CHEMENG 320

Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Engineering

3 Units

18 Units of Additional Advanced Courses in Science and/or Engineering

At least one science/engineering-based course in each of two areas other than the student’s research specialization is required.

Units from APPPHYS 290, APPPHYS 390, and any 1-unit courses do not count towards this requirement.

Teaching Requirement

There is no teaching requirement for the doctoral degree in Applied Physics. However, students may teach as part of their professional training. Numerous applied physics students have held teaching positions in the Physics department.

Research Requirement

Research

Applied Physics offers a rotation program for research assistantships for 1st-year graduate students. The purpose of the rotation program is to acquaint first-year students with research opportunities before they make a final selection of a research group. Each rotation lasts for one quarter. It is not required that students rotate to a different group each quarter, and indeed students often find their research group in their first quarter, without rotating into any subsequent group. Students are expected to coordinate their first rotation prior to the start of their first Autumn quarter (i.e., during the Summer prior to matriculation in the program). 

Students are expected to have found a research group (often referred to as a “home lab” or “research home”) for their Ph.D. research by the end of the Spring quarter of their first year. If a student hasn’t found their research home by the end of Summer quarter of their first year, their academic progress may be delayed. One of the requirements of moving to candidacy is having a clear direction for the research that will be the focus of the student’s post-candidacy work towards their Ph.D. This makes finding a home lab by the end of a student’s first academic year a key component of making satisfactory academic progress. (Candidacy is discussed in more detail below.)

Finding a rotation position: Rotations in your first year may be supervised by any member of the Applied Physics faculty, or with faculty in any other science or engineering department at Stanford, including SLAC. Rotation positions are secured by the students through mutual agreement with the rotation supervisor (aka PI aka Research Advisor; these terms are used interchangeably). This is best finalized no later than three weeks before the end of the preceding quarter. (For example, you should secure your Winter quarter rotation 3 weeks before Autumn quarter ends.) 

Advancement to Candidacy

PhD Candidacy

Admission to candidacy is a prospective judgement by the faculty of a student's potential to successfully complete the requirements of the degree program. In the Department of Applied Physics, students are reviewed for candidacy by the Graduate Studies and Curriculum (GSC) Committee in the spring quarter of their second-year. The committee’s assessment is based on the student’s performance on the qualifying exam, the student’s research progress as documented by a letter from their advisor, and the student’s performance in coursework. 

The GSC will recommend or deny admission to candidacy for each second-year student, noting any unmet course requirements. Although students have until the end of their 3rd year to complete course requirements, it is expected that the vast majority of required courses will be completed by the end of a student’s second year. In a case where admission to candidacy is not recommended,  the reason will be stated in writing. Students are able to appeal the committee’s decision to the Director of Graduate Studies. 

Failure to advance to candidacy will result in dismissal from the doctoral program.

Oral Exam

Oral Exam

 University PhD Oral Examination consists of a public seminar in defense of the dissertation, followed by private questioning of the candidate by the university examining committee. Students consult with their dissertation advisor and reading committee members on the timing of the defense.

Dissertation

Dissertation

The dissertation must be approved and signed by the PhD reading committee. Students are expected to submit the dissertation by the end of their sixth year in the program.